NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) ? Officials from the party of Kenya's prime minister said Monday they are not getting the co-operation they need from Kenya's electoral commission to prepare a lawsuit to challenge the results of the March 4 presidential vote.
There was an effort to cover-up cheating that they alleged gave the election win to Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta, said Education Minister Mutula Kilonzo and Lands Minister James Orengo. Both men were high profile lawyers before joining politics.
Kilonzo and Orengo, who back Kenyatta's top challenger, Prime Minister Raila Odinga, said the country's electoral authority was ignoring their request to allow them to go through the voter register.
"Now that the electoral commission is refusing to allow us and other Kenyans who want to determine if that election had integrity, it obviously means that there is something wrong with their records," Orengo said, adding that the returns were likely being "doctored."
Kenya's electoral commission denied withholding the documents. Tabitha Mutemi, the communication manager at the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission said that Odinga's legal team wanted access to 33,000 documents which needed to be photo-copied, work that could not be completed in day.
Kilonzo said the information is fundamental for the formulation of their court petition.
"This will be a precedent setting case," he said. "We are going to do a good job something that will satisfy the population that the days of rigging, the days of stealing elections or covering up are gone, that you can take to the bank."
Kenya's Chief Justice Willy Mutunga said Monday that the Supreme Court is prepared to hear the petition against Kenyatta's re-election and other petitions that may arise from the election.
Mutunga assured those filing petitions that the Supreme Court will be impartial, fair and just.
Kenyatta, the son of Kenya's founding father, Jomo Kenyatta, was declared president-elect on Saturday. Kenyatta won 50.07 percent of the vote, just surpassing the 50-percent level needed to avoid a runoff with Odinga.
Kenyatta and deputy-elect Vice President William Ruto have been indicted for crimes against humanity charges at the International Criminal Court for allegedly orchestrating violence after the 2007 presidential election which led to the deaths of more than 1,000 people.
Odinga was the leading opposition candidate in 2007, and a dispute over the flawed tallying of the presidential votes in 2007, which pitted him against President Mwai Kibaki, who was seeking re-election, sparked the violence.
The dynamic of Spain's population follows the maximum entropy principlePublic release date: 11-Mar-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Press Office info@agenciasinc.es 34-914-251-820 FECYT - Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology
A team of Spanish and Argentinean researchers have verified that the distribution of the inhabitants in each Spanish province evolves in accordance with the maximum entropy principle in the field of physics. Therefore, this evolution is predictable. The results have allowed authors to put forward a 'socio-thermodynamic' theory that applies the laws of thermodynamics to collective human behaviour.
Spanish and Argentinean scientists have researched the way in which we as people group together on a large scale as a way of seeing whether there is any law or pattern that explains how we behave. Their findings? The maximum entropy principle. At least this is the case in the population distribution of Spain's provinces.
"We have verified that given province characteristics, which we specify as a value named 'q', population distribution over time does not arise by chance but rather by a certain way that adjusts to the maximum entropy principle," as explained to SINC by Alberto Hernando, researcher of the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne (Switzerland) and co-author of the study.
Once certain conditions are known, the population evolution of all municipalities in this case, the equilibrium distribution of the system for each one of the provinces is one that maximises the quantity of information or entropy, the latter being the physical magnitude describing how irreversible the system is.
"In this way, by observing how the population is distributed in each city or town of each province, we have found that on a collective level we obey mathematically predictable patterns," comments Hernando.
To carry out the study published in the 'Journal of the Royal Society Interface' they used the population data provided by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE) on 8,116 municipalities spread over 50 provinces between 1996 and 2010. There were already more than 47 million people in Spain in 2010.
The 'q' value used by the researchers not only helped them to summarise the socioeconomic characteristics of each province but also to quantify how large population nuclei grow in relation to their smaller counterparts. Their typical value is 1 and reflects that the population increase of a municipality during the last year studied is proportional to its number of inhabitants the year before.
Nonetheless, when 'q' is greater than 1 this means that the large municipalities or cities of a province grow at a faster rhythm compared to small municipalities or towns. This is what the data shows in the case of Len, for example or Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Huesca.
This is the general tendency in the majority of provinces, which in turn reflects the progressive abandonment of the countryside in favour of the city. In fact, the average 'q' value within Spain is 1.2.
However, when the 'q' value is less than 1, the interpretation becomes more complex. It could reflect that towns of a province have grown at a greater rate than cities, as in the case of Guipzcoa, but the particular way in which municipalities with different tendencies group together also plays a role.
According to the data, in Madrid and Barcelona a mixture of the two phenomena is occurring. On the one hand the very small towns are being left whereas on the other hand the city is being saturated. Therefore, the medium sized nuclei are experiencing a relatively higher growth rhythm.
"We are obviously dealing with average figures and it could be the case that a town or city in particular does not fit the rule of its province, but this does not alter statistic properties," says Hernando, who developed this study during his time at the Paul Sabatier University of Toulouse in France.
Along with other colleagues from the University of Granada, the Institute of Interdisciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (CSIC-University of the Balearic Islands) and the National University of La Plata in Argentina have employed these results to formulate a theory called 'socio-thermodynamics', which is similar to thermodynamics used to describe the equilibrium state of gases, solids and liquids.
The maximum entropy principle is a formulation of the second thermodynamics principle that states that the entropy quantity of the universe tends to increase over time. In other words, a state with a certain order always leans towards a state with less order and the inverse process to this is impossible on a spontaneous level.
According to the researchers, its application to human society can help us to understand how social order always tends to deteriorate if active attempts are not made to avoid such an occurrence. "This without a doubt gives rise to many speculations and interpretations but only one single investigation based on observations and objective data can give us a clear answer," concludes the researcher.
In any case, the authors believe that the predictability provided by this theory could be useful for estimating certain aspects such as migratory flows, future city growth, and the popularity of mass consumer products or even the results of elections.
###
References:
A. Hernando, R. Hernando, A. Plastino, A. R. Plastino. "The workings of the maximum entropy principle in collective human behavior". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10: 20120758, 2013. Doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0758.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
The dynamic of Spain's population follows the maximum entropy principlePublic release date: 11-Mar-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Press Office info@agenciasinc.es 34-914-251-820 FECYT - Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology
A team of Spanish and Argentinean researchers have verified that the distribution of the inhabitants in each Spanish province evolves in accordance with the maximum entropy principle in the field of physics. Therefore, this evolution is predictable. The results have allowed authors to put forward a 'socio-thermodynamic' theory that applies the laws of thermodynamics to collective human behaviour.
Spanish and Argentinean scientists have researched the way in which we as people group together on a large scale as a way of seeing whether there is any law or pattern that explains how we behave. Their findings? The maximum entropy principle. At least this is the case in the population distribution of Spain's provinces.
"We have verified that given province characteristics, which we specify as a value named 'q', population distribution over time does not arise by chance but rather by a certain way that adjusts to the maximum entropy principle," as explained to SINC by Alberto Hernando, researcher of the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne (Switzerland) and co-author of the study.
Once certain conditions are known, the population evolution of all municipalities in this case, the equilibrium distribution of the system for each one of the provinces is one that maximises the quantity of information or entropy, the latter being the physical magnitude describing how irreversible the system is.
"In this way, by observing how the population is distributed in each city or town of each province, we have found that on a collective level we obey mathematically predictable patterns," comments Hernando.
To carry out the study published in the 'Journal of the Royal Society Interface' they used the population data provided by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE) on 8,116 municipalities spread over 50 provinces between 1996 and 2010. There were already more than 47 million people in Spain in 2010.
The 'q' value used by the researchers not only helped them to summarise the socioeconomic characteristics of each province but also to quantify how large population nuclei grow in relation to their smaller counterparts. Their typical value is 1 and reflects that the population increase of a municipality during the last year studied is proportional to its number of inhabitants the year before.
Nonetheless, when 'q' is greater than 1 this means that the large municipalities or cities of a province grow at a faster rhythm compared to small municipalities or towns. This is what the data shows in the case of Len, for example or Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Huesca.
This is the general tendency in the majority of provinces, which in turn reflects the progressive abandonment of the countryside in favour of the city. In fact, the average 'q' value within Spain is 1.2.
However, when the 'q' value is less than 1, the interpretation becomes more complex. It could reflect that towns of a province have grown at a greater rate than cities, as in the case of Guipzcoa, but the particular way in which municipalities with different tendencies group together also plays a role.
According to the data, in Madrid and Barcelona a mixture of the two phenomena is occurring. On the one hand the very small towns are being left whereas on the other hand the city is being saturated. Therefore, the medium sized nuclei are experiencing a relatively higher growth rhythm.
"We are obviously dealing with average figures and it could be the case that a town or city in particular does not fit the rule of its province, but this does not alter statistic properties," says Hernando, who developed this study during his time at the Paul Sabatier University of Toulouse in France.
Along with other colleagues from the University of Granada, the Institute of Interdisciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (CSIC-University of the Balearic Islands) and the National University of La Plata in Argentina have employed these results to formulate a theory called 'socio-thermodynamics', which is similar to thermodynamics used to describe the equilibrium state of gases, solids and liquids.
The maximum entropy principle is a formulation of the second thermodynamics principle that states that the entropy quantity of the universe tends to increase over time. In other words, a state with a certain order always leans towards a state with less order and the inverse process to this is impossible on a spontaneous level.
According to the researchers, its application to human society can help us to understand how social order always tends to deteriorate if active attempts are not made to avoid such an occurrence. "This without a doubt gives rise to many speculations and interpretations but only one single investigation based on observations and objective data can give us a clear answer," concludes the researcher.
In any case, the authors believe that the predictability provided by this theory could be useful for estimating certain aspects such as migratory flows, future city growth, and the popularity of mass consumer products or even the results of elections.
###
References:
A. Hernando, R. Hernando, A. Plastino, A. R. Plastino. "The workings of the maximum entropy principle in collective human behavior". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10: 20120758, 2013. Doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0758.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
NEW YORK (AP) ? A judge struck down New York City's pioneering ban on big sugary drinks Monday just hours before it was supposed to take effect, handing a defeat to health-minded Mayor Michael Bloomberg and creating uncertainty for restaurants that had already ordered smaller cups and changed their menus.
State Supreme Court Justice Milton Tingling said the 16-ounce limit on sodas and other sweet drinks arbitrarily applies to only some sugary beverages and some places that sell them.
"The loopholes in this rule effectively defeat the stated purpose of this rule," Tingling wrote in a 36-page ruling that examined the scope of power that should be afforded an administrative board for regulations. The ruling was seen as a victory for the beverage industry, restaurants and other business groups that called the rule unfair and wrong-headed.
In addition, the judge said the Bloomberg-appointed Board of Health intruded on the City Council's authority when it imposed the rule, citing in part a case from the 1980s which questioned whether a state public health council had the authority to regulate smoking in public places.
The city vowed to appeal the decision, issued by New York state's trial-level court.
"We believe the judge is totally in error in how he interpreted the law, and we are confident we will win on appeal," Bloomberg said, adding that the city would emphasize to higher courts "that people are dying every day. This is not a joke."
For now, though, the ruling means the ax won't fall Tuesday on supersized sodas, sweetened teas and other high-sugar beverages in restaurants, movie theaters, corner delis and sports arenas.
"The court ruling provides a sigh of relief to New Yorkers and thousands of small businesses in New York City that would have been harmed by this arbitrary and unpopular ban," the American Beverage Association and other opponents said.
While some eateries had held off making changes because of the court challenge, some restaurants had begun using smaller glasses for full-sugar soda. Dunkin' Donuts shops have been telling customers they will have to sweeten and flavor their own coffee. Coca-Cola has printed posters explaining the rules.
Frames Bowling Lounge developed ? and is keeping ? a slate of fresh-squeezed juices as an alternative to pitchers of sodas for family parties, investing staff time, buying new glasses and changing menus.
"All that cost a lot of money ? but you have to go with the flow," executive general manager Ayman Kamel said. Customers have started calling about the new juices, and "we're all very excited about it," he added.
Bloomberg urged businesses to comply despite the court ruling, and not just because the city may yet prevail.
"If you know what you're doing is harmful to people's health, common sense says if you care, you might want to stop doing that," he said.
The first of its kind in the country, the restriction has sparked reaction from pizzeria counters to late-night talk shows, celebrated by some as a bold attempt to improve people's health and derided by others as another "nanny state" law from Bloomberg during his 11 years in office.
On his watch, the city has compelled chain restaurants to post calorie counts, barred artificial trans fats in restaurant food and prodded food manufacturers to use less salt. The city has successfully defended some of those initiatives in court.
Because of the limits of city authority and exemptions made for other reasons, the ban on supersized beverages doesn't cover alcoholic drinks or many lattes and other milk-based concoctions, and it doesn't apply at supermarkets or many convenience stores ? including 7-Eleven, home of the Big Gulp.
The rule, if upheld, would create an "administrative leviathan," warned Tingling, who was elected to the Supreme Court bench in 2001 as a Democrat.
The health board has considerable regulatory power, but its limits will likely be a central question in the appeal.
"I think it turns on whether the appellate division feels that the mayor has gone too far in ruling by decree in bypassing City Council," said Rick Hills, a New York University law professor who has been following the case.
In defending the rule, city officials point to the city's rising obesity rate ? about 24 percent of adults, up from 18 percent in 2002 ? and to studies tying sugary drinks to weight gain.
The judge acknowledged the impact of obesity on the city's residents, and noted that those bringing suit likewise didn't dispute obesity is a significant health issue, but questioned how much sugary drinks can be blamed for it. Ultimately the judge said whether the issue of obesity is an epidemic is not the key issue here, but whether the board of health has the jurisdiction to decide that obesity is such an issue that it could issue a cap on consumption of sugary drinks.
The judge found that the regulation was "laden with exceptions based on economic and political concern."
Critics said the measure is too limited to have a meaningful effect on New Yorkers' waistlines. And they said it would take a bite out of business for the establishments that had to comply, while other places would still be free to sell sugary drinks in 2-liter bottles and supersized cups.
The city had said that while restaurant inspectors would start enforcing the soda size rule in March, they wouldn't seek fines ? $200 for a violation ? until June.
The ruling "serves as a major blow to Mayor Michael Bloomberg's incessant finger-wagging," said J. Justin Wilson at the Center for Consumer Freedom, created by restaurants and food companies. "New Yorkers should celebrate this victory by taking a big gulp of freedom."
Jose Perez, a fifth-grade special education teacher in Manhattan who was getting a hot dog and can of soda from a street vendor, called the ruling "dead-on."
"Really, I think it's just big government getting in the way of people's rights," he said. "I think it's up to the person. If they want to have a giant soda, that's their business."
___
Associated Press writers Meghan Barr and Deepti Hajela contributed to this story.
___
Follow Jennifer Peltz at http://twitter.com/jennpeltz
Box has done a pretty decent job at bringing novel features to its apps on the various platforms they are present in, and today it's turn for a couple of Microsoft's properties to get some fresh tidbits from the cloud storage service. For starters, both of Box's Windows Phone and Windows 8 applications will now have the ability to see easily preview files (Box says more than 75 types) -- a feature that's been available on Android since late last year, and one that'll surely come in handy to Redmond's user base. Additionally, Box also announced a few platform-specific goodies, with the Windows 8 app seeing the addition of a new navigation bar for quick access to docs, while the Windows Phone equivalent nabbed a revamped wide cycle tile which allows for updates to be viewed via its own Live Tile (so long as it's the largest size). These changes are live now, so check' em out and give 'em a whirl the next time you open your Box app.
BEIRUT (Reuters) - Syrian rebels have seized a convoy of U.N. peacekeepers near the Golan Heights and say they will hold them captive until President Bashar al-Assad's forces pull back from a rebel-held village which has seen heavy recent fighting.
The capture was announced in rebel videos posted on the Internet and confirmed on Wednesday by the United Nations in New York, which said about 20 peacekeepers had been detained.
The seizure is the most direct threat to U.N. personnel in the nearly two-year-old uprising against Assad and Human Rights Watch said it was investigating the same brigade for past executions.
It came on the day that Britain said it would increase aid to the opposition forces and the Arab League gave a green light to member states to arm the rebels.
The regional Arab body also invited the opposition Syrian coalition to take Syria's seat at a League meeting in Doha later this month. Syria was suspended in November 2011 in response to its crackdown on protests which since spiralled into civil war.
The peacekeepers of the UNDOF mission have been monitoring a ceasefire line between Syria and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, captured by the Jewish state in a 1967 war, for nearly four decades.
Israel has warned that it will not "stand idle" as Syria's civil war spills over into the Golan region.
The United Nations in New York said its peacekeepers had been detained by around 30 fighters in the Golan Heights.
"The U.N. observers were on a regular supply mission and were stopped near Observation Post 58, which had sustained damage and was evacuated this past weekend following heavy combat in close proximity at Al Jamla," it said, referring to a village which saw fierce confrontations on Sunday.
It did not say the nationality of the observers but the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitoring group which is in contact with the rebel brigade said they were Filipino.
In one rebel video, a young man saying he was from the "Martyrs of Yarmouk" brigade stood surrounded by several rebel fighters with assault rifles in front of a two white armoured vehicles and a truck with "UN" markings.
"The command of the Martyrs of Yarmouk...is holding forces of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force until the withdrawal of forces of the regime of Bashar al-Assad from the outskirts of the village of Jamla," the man, who was wearing civilian clothes, said.
At least five people could be seen sitting in the vehicles wearing U.N. light blue helmets and bulletproof vests.
"If no withdrawal is made within 24 hours we will treat them as prisoners," he said, accusing them of collaborating with Assad's forces to push the rebels out of Jamla.
Nearly two years since the uprising started, rebels are distrustful of a United Nations that they say has failed to support their cause.
MILITARY AID
Earlier on Wednesday the United Nations said the number of refugees who have fled Syria had reached 1 million, part of an accelerating exodus from a conflict which is approaching its second anniversary with no prospect of an end to the bloodshed.
British Foreign Secretary William Hague, pledging support for Assad's opponents, said the civil war had reached catastrophic proportions and that international efforts to stem the violence had been an abject failure.
Senior U.S. and Russian diplomats will discuss the conflict at a meeting in London on Thursday, Russia said, the latest in a series of meetings aimed at seeking an end to the bloodshed.
But Hague said the chances of getting an immediate political solution to the crisis were slim and that diplomacy was taking too long. However, he played down the prospect of direct Western military intervention.
"If a political solution to the crisis in Syria is not found and the conflict continues, we and the rest of the European Union will have to be ready to move further, and we should not rule out any option for saving lives," he said.
A Syrian rebel leader sought to persuade European governments to lift an arms embargo for the rebels, saying any weapons provided would be accounted for and possibly returned.
Brigadier Selim Idris said in Brussels that Syrian rebels recorded the arms they received.
"The weapons are registered on lists with numbers on each weapon. We distribute those weapons. And we know precisely who has received them," he told a news conference.
ONE MILLION REFUGEES
At a registration centre for Syrians in the northern Lebanese city of Tripoli, a 19-year-old mother of two registered on Wednesday as the millionth refugee to flee her country.
"The situation is very bad for us. We can't find work," said the teenage mother, wearing a green headscarf and holding her daughter as she spoke to reporters.
"I live with 20 people in one room. We can't find any other house as it is too expensive. We want to return to Syria. We wish for the crisis to be resolved."
Syrians started trickling out of the country 23 months ago when Assad's forces shot at pro-democracy protests inspired by Arab revolts elsewhere.
The uprising has since turned into an increasingly sectarian struggle between armed rebels and government soldiers and militias. An estimated 70,000 people have been killed.
Around half the refugees are children, most of them aged under 11, and the numbers leaving are mounting every week, the United Nations refugee agency said in statement.
"With a million people in flight, millions more displaced internally, and thousands of people continuing to cross the border every day, Syria is spiralling towards full-scale disaster," U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Ant?nio Guterres said in a statement.
(Additional reporting by Dominic Evans and Laila Bassam in Beirut and Jonathon Burch in Anakara; Editing by Michael Roddy)
King Mohammed VI is a ?reformer? king who is keen to ensure the rule of law and human rights, the US publication Forbes Magazine says in its latest issue.
Under the leadership of the King, ?the kingdom of Morocco has made a series of democratic constitutional reforms? over the past thirteen years, says Richard Miniter, author of the article and a bestselling author.
The reforms gave rise to the latest legislative elections which resulted in opposition parties controlling the government, emphasizing the freedom of the Moroccan press, as well as the constitution guarantees to protect the rights of women and religious minorities
Forbes Magazine highlights the comprehensive development in Morocco?s southern provinces, in stark contrast to the harsh living conditions in the polisario-run Tindouf camps.
With rich colors, bold furnishings, and elegant details, this striking Parisian apartment is the very picture of French glamour. Currently on the market for $8.8 million, the beautiful property is located in the eighth arrondissement on the fashionable rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor?.
You might say the day is never really done in consumer technology news. Your workday, however, hopefully draws to a close at some point. This is the Daily Roundup on Engadget, a quick peek back at the top headlines for the past 24 hours -- all handpicked by the editors here at the site. Click on through the break, and enjoy.
The safer sex? For a little-known primate, a new understanding of why females outlive males
Friday, March 1, 2013
Researchers studying aging in an endangered lemur known as the Milne-Edwards' sifaka report that in old age, females are the safer sex.
After observing these animals for more than two decades in the wild in Madagascar, co-author Patricia Wright of Stony Brook University had a hunch that females were living longer than their male counterparts.
Females tend to outlive males in many animals, including humans. But in the Milne-Edwards' sifaka ? a rainforest-dweller with orange-red eyes, a black face and woolly dark brown fur ? the sexes didn't seem to differ in any of the ways thought to give females a survival advantage in other animals.
Sex differences in aggression, hormones, or appearance drive males of many species to an earlier grave. But in the Milne-Edwards' sifaka, males and females have similar levels of testosterone, and are equally likely to pick fights.
Both sexes occasionally stray from the safety of their social groups, explained lead author Stacey Tecot of the University of Arizona. They also grow at similar rates and reach roughly the same size, have similar coloration, and are equally likely to be spotted by predators.
For the study, Tecot, Wright and colleagues analyzed detailed records of births, deaths, and dispersal behavior for more than 70 individual lemurs living in Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar ? a data set spanning 23 years from 1986 to 2009.
According to the data, most males died by their late teens. But females lived, on average, into their early 30s.
What could explain the gender gap? By taking a closer look at dispersal behavior across the lifespan, the researchers think they have a clue.
In Milne-Edwards' sifaka society, both sexes are known to leave the groups where they were born in search of a new group to call their own ? sometimes dispersing repeatedly throughout their lives.
The data suggest that on average, males and females disperse equally frequently, and wander just as far. But when the researchers broke down dispersal across the lifespan, from infancy to old age, they found that males and females differed in their timing.
The differences didn't start to emerge until later in life. Females generally stopped dispersing after a certain age, typically when they reached 11 years old. But males continued to roam their entire lives.
Researchers don't know why females eventually settle down, whereas males continue to strike off on their own to find new groups. But dispersing at older ages could carry greater costs, especially if older animals aren't as agile or quick to heal from injury.
"When you're a social animal and you go off on your own into unfamiliar territory, finding food can be more of a challenge. Plus you don't have the extra protection of other group members who can help look out for predators. Even when you find a new group to join, you may have to fight your way in and there's a chance of getting injured in a fight," said co-author Jennifer Verdolin of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in Durham, North Carolina.
The study doesn't help explain why women tend to outlive men in humans, the authors caution. But it does suggest that fine-scale studies of risk-taking behavior at different ages could reveal age-specific mortality risk factors that researchers hadn't considered.
###
Tecot, S., B. Gerber, et al. (2013). "Risky business: Sex differences in mortality and dispersal in a polygynous, monomorphic lemur." Behavioral Ecology.
National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent): http://www.nescent.org
Thanks to National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) for this article.
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